Green Synthesis of Pd Nanoparticles Mediated by Thymbra Spicata Leaves Extract and Its Application as a Recyclable Nanocatalyst for Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol and Suzuki Reactions

A simple and ecological pathway for the procurement of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) was developed, applying the non-toxic and sustainable natural extract from Thymbra spicata leaves as the reducing, stabilizing and capping agent. UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, were utilized to classify the synthesized Pd NPs@ Thymbra spicata catalyst. The Pd NPs@ Thymbra spicata demonstrated excellent behavior as a reusable nanocatalyst in Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions and reduction of 4-nitrophenol at room temperature. The nanocatalyst was reused in numerous runs with excellent product yields and without any significant deduction in catalytic behavior. Graphical Abstract