Pathway Complexity Versus Hierarchical Self‐Assembly in N‐Annulated Perylenes: Structural Effects in Seeded Supramolecular Polymerization

Studies were carried out on the hierarchical self‐assembly versus pathway complexity of N‐annulated perylenes 1–3, which differ only in the nature of the linking groups connecting the perylene core and the side alkoxy chains. Despite the structural similarity, compounds 1 and 2 exhibit noticeable differences in their self‐assembly. Whereas 1 forms an off‐pathway aggregate I that converts over time (or by addition of seeds) into the thermodynamic, on‐pathway product, 2 undergoes a hierarchical process in which the kinetically trapped monomer species does not lead to a kinetically controlled supramolecular growth. Finally, compound 3, which lacks the amide groups, is unable to self‐assemble under identical experimental conditions and highlights the key relevance of the amide groups and their position to govern the self‐assembly pathways. Die Zahl und Position der Amidgruppen bestimmen das Ergebnis der Selbstorganisation von N‐anellierten Perylenen. Die inneren Amide (siehe Bild, links) bevorzugen ein Nichtgleichgewichtssystem, dessen Bildung durch Impfung beschleunigt werden kann. Die äußeren Amide (rechts) erzeugen mehr planare molekulare Systeme, die eine rasche hierarchische Selbstorganisation zu superhelikalen Strukturen erfahren.