Normalization of Epigenetic Change in the Genome by Peptide Bioregulator (Ala–Glu–Asp–Gly) in Pulmonary Tuberculosis

The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic and epigenetic variation of the genome in patients with sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) before and after treatment, under the effect of peptide bioregulator—Ala–Glu–Asp–Gly. In lymphocyte cultures from patients with sensitive primary PT were studied: total heterochromatin with differential scanning calorimeter; facultative heterochromatin (sister chromatid exchanges) with 5-bromdeoxyuridin and mutation (chromosome aberrations). We determined: there was an epigenetic alteration of functional parameters of the genome in PT before treatment. The level of heterochromatin decreased in the telomeric regions of chromosomes (in control it was high) and increased in the middle regions of chromosomes (in control it was reduced); there was a high level of somatic recombination; revealed an increase of the frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations. Has been revealed the ability of bioregulator (Ala–Glu–Asp–Gly) to normalize the altered genomic parameters in patients with PT. The results obtained in the study, which testify to the specific epigenetic variability of the genome in patients with the sensitive form of PT, in particular—the redistribution of heterochromatin from telomere to the medial regions of chromosome arms, high level of somatic recombination and increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations, can contribute to the early detection of PT, and also a bioregulator—Ala–Glu–Asp–Gly can be used to determine the effectiveness of the treatment and used to develop new therapies.