DISCUSSION1: "An Empirical Model of Fatalities and Injuries Due to Floods in Japan"/REPLY TO DISCUSSION1: "An Empirical Model of Fatalities and Injuries Due to Floods in Japan"3

The authors propose empirical formulas (models) for predicting the number of flood-induced fatalities and injuries solely based on the number of flood affected residential buildings and whether the event is a flash flood or rainy season one. The values that were presented as estimates of the death toll due to the Niigata-Fukushima flood are in fact the geometric means of the log-normal distributions represented by respective fatality functions. The 95% confidence interval for the prediction of an individual value based on a given value of x is generally determined by where n is the number of data points, t^sub 95%,n-2^ is the t critical value for 95%, n-2 is the degrees of freedom, Ïf is the standard error of prediction, and x is the mean of x^sub i^ values.