Performance comparison of centralised and distributed CSS over fading channels in cognitive radio

Spectrum sensing is the important aspect of cognitive radio (CR). In order to use the vacant spectrum, cognitive radio user must be able to identify the presence of empty spectrum efficiently. A non-cooperative spectrum sensing faces the problem of shadowing and hidden terminal due to which the CR user fails to monitor the vacant spectrum. To solve the problem of hidden terminal and shadowing in non-cooperative spectrum sensing, cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) is used. CSS can be divided in two categories, centralised and distributed. In this paper comparison of centralised and distributed CSS is presented and a cluster based distributed CSS is proposed over fading channel with different fusion rules and effect of number of CR users and number of clusters on the performance has been investigated. It is investigated that if number of users and number of cluster increases, user cooperation increases and chances of detection of empty spectrum increases. Detection probability increases 134% for SNR = 0 dB when total number of CR users in a cluster is fixed at 2 and number of clusters are varied from 2 to 8 and it increases 97% when total number of clusters are 3 and number of CR users in a cluster is varied from 2 to 8.