The ‘fiver’: Germanic ‘finger’, Balto‐Slavic de‐numeral adjectives in ‐ero‐ and their Indo‐European background
Proto‐Germanic *fingraz ‘finger’ – long connected to PIE *penkʷe ‘5’, but without a convincing derivational scenario – can be interpreted as *pēnkʷ‐ró‐, a genitival R(V̄)‐ó‐ vr̥ddhi derivative to *penkʷerom ‘set of 5’. This latter form is the substantivization of *penkʷero‐ ‘5‐fold, counting 5’ – a...
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description | Proto‐Germanic *fingraz ‘finger’ – long connected to PIE *penkʷe ‘5’, but without a convincing derivational scenario – can be interpreted as *pēnkʷ‐ró‐, a genitival R(V̄)‐ó‐ vr̥ddhi derivative to *penkʷerom ‘set of 5’. This latter form is the substantivization of *penkʷero‐ ‘5‐fold, counting 5’ – a form belonging to a series of de‐numeral adjectives which, it is argued, is the single type underlying the Baltic pluralia tantum numerals (Lith. penkerì ‘5.pl.tant’) and the Slavic collectives and distributives (PSl. *pętero ‘group of 5’, *pęterъ ‘5‐fold’). It is further hypothesized that (Post‐)PIE forms like *penkwero‐, *sweḱsero‐, *septm̥mero‐ need not rest upon false segmentation of a thematic derivative of ‘4’ (*kwetwer‐o‐), as is most commonly assumed; rather, they can be explained as simple thematic derivatives of an *‐er locative of the type *penkʷer ‘in/on/at 5’ = ‘in a group of 5’ (a close parallel of this semantic relationship is provided by Lith. arch. trisù ‘3.loc’ = ‘in a group of 3’, or even by French à trois). The posited type *penkʷer also yields a back‐formed substantive *penkʷōr ‘set of 5‐s’, a possible source of the Tocharian B distributive numerals in ‐ār (piśār ‘by 5‐s’ |
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This latter form is the substantivization of *penkʷero‐ ‘5‐fold, counting 5’ – a form belonging to a series of de‐numeral adjectives which, it is argued, is the single type underlying the Baltic pluralia tantum numerals (Lith. penkerì ‘5.pl.tant’) and the Slavic collectives and distributives (PSl. *pętero ‘group of 5’, *pęterъ ‘5‐fold’). It is further hypothesized that (Post‐)PIE forms like *penkwero‐, *sweḱsero‐, *septm̥mero‐ need not rest upon false segmentation of a thematic derivative of ‘4’ (*kwetwer‐o‐), as is most commonly assumed; rather, they can be explained as simple thematic derivatives of an *‐er locative of the type *penkʷer ‘in/on/at 5’ = ‘in a group of 5’ (a close parallel of this semantic relationship is provided by Lith. arch. trisù ‘3.loc’ = ‘in a group of 3’, or even by French à trois). The posited type *penkʷer also yields a back‐formed substantive *penkʷōr ‘set of 5‐s’, a possible source of the Tocharian B distributive numerals in ‐ār (piśār ‘by 5‐s’ << *penkʷōr‐en, *penkʷōr‐i or similar), which – being athematic – cannot be explained via the standard theory starting from *kʷetwer‐o‐.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0079-1636</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1467-968X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/1467-968X.12099</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Adjectives ; Baltic languages ; French language ; Germanic languages ; Grammatical case ; Indo-European languages ; Segmentation ; Semantics ; Slavic languages ; Tocharian languages</subject><ispartof>Transactions of the Philological Society, 2017-07, Vol.115 (2), p.239-262</ispartof><rights>The author 2017. 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This latter form is the substantivization of *penkʷero‐ ‘5‐fold, counting 5’ – a form belonging to a series of de‐numeral adjectives which, it is argued, is the single type underlying the Baltic pluralia tantum numerals (Lith. penkerì ‘5.pl.tant’) and the Slavic collectives and distributives (PSl. *pętero ‘group of 5’, *pęterъ ‘5‐fold’). It is further hypothesized that (Post‐)PIE forms like *penkwero‐, *sweḱsero‐, *septm̥mero‐ need not rest upon false segmentation of a thematic derivative of ‘4’ (*kwetwer‐o‐), as is most commonly assumed; rather, they can be explained as simple thematic derivatives of an *‐er locative of the type *penkʷer ‘in/on/at 5’ = ‘in a group of 5’ (a close parallel of this semantic relationship is provided by Lith. arch. trisù ‘3.loc’ = ‘in a group of 3’, or even by French à trois). The posited type *penkʷer also yields a back‐formed substantive *penkʷōr ‘set of 5‐s’, a possible source of the Tocharian B distributive numerals in ‐ār (piśār ‘by 5‐s’ << *penkʷōr‐en, *penkʷōr‐i or similar), which – being athematic – cannot be explained via the standard theory starting from *kʷetwer‐o‐.</description><subject>Adjectives</subject><subject>Baltic languages</subject><subject>French language</subject><subject>Germanic languages</subject><subject>Grammatical case</subject><subject>Indo-European languages</subject><subject>Segmentation</subject><subject>Semantics</subject><subject>Slavic languages</subject><subject>Tocharian languages</subject><issn>0079-1636</issn><issn>1467-968X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkMtOwzAQRS0EEuWxZmuJLSl2nCYxO6jKQ6oEokViZ03iSZuSOsVpirrrJ7CE3-uX4DSILbOZ0Zl7Z6RLyBlnXe7qkgdh5Mkwfu1yn0m5Rzp_ZJ90GIukx0MRHpKjqpoxxiM_Eh2yGU-RbjdfWb5Cu918X9E7tHMwedpSM9nhC3oDxbLcbj5HBazcUqObTT1HCwUFPcN06S5UNDfO94m2kVIwmi6nmFv6YHRDBrUtFwiGJpC-TWxZG31CDjIoKjz97cfk5XYw7t97w8e7h_710Ev9iEkvwyARmdSMZTrzQxQ9iBlgnHBHImApxn4cQC8MJBNJopMYIpFqKXpcQgq-OCbn7d2FLd9rrJZqVtbWuJfKZ5zFkQx84VSXrSq1ZVVZzNTC5nOwa8WZamJWTaiqCVXtYnaOsHV85AWu_5Or8fPTqDX-ALTZiXg</recordid><startdate>201707</startdate><enddate>201707</enddate><creator>Majer, Marek</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T9</scope><scope>8BM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0885-5789</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201707</creationdate><title>The ‘fiver’: Germanic ‘finger’, Balto‐Slavic de‐numeral adjectives in ‐ero‐ and their Indo‐European background</title><author>Majer, Marek</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2709-fe4b3f9d00fdf26e35a80ae8b100f7a0ce8284a564903bbdb8a73cd93519aca23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Adjectives</topic><topic>Baltic languages</topic><topic>French language</topic><topic>Germanic languages</topic><topic>Grammatical case</topic><topic>Indo-European languages</topic><topic>Segmentation</topic><topic>Semantics</topic><topic>Slavic languages</topic><topic>Tocharian languages</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Majer, Marek</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA)</collection><collection>ComDisDome</collection><jtitle>Transactions of the Philological Society</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Majer, Marek</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The ‘fiver’: Germanic ‘finger’, Balto‐Slavic de‐numeral adjectives in ‐ero‐ and their Indo‐European background</atitle><jtitle>Transactions of the Philological Society</jtitle><date>2017-07</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>115</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>239</spage><epage>262</epage><pages>239-262</pages><issn>0079-1636</issn><eissn>1467-968X</eissn><abstract>Proto‐Germanic *fingraz ‘finger’ – long connected to PIE *penkʷe ‘5’, but without a convincing derivational scenario – can be interpreted as *pēnkʷ‐ró‐, a genitival R(V̄)‐ó‐ vr̥ddhi derivative to *penkʷerom ‘set of 5’. This latter form is the substantivization of *penkʷero‐ ‘5‐fold, counting 5’ – a form belonging to a series of de‐numeral adjectives which, it is argued, is the single type underlying the Baltic pluralia tantum numerals (Lith. penkerì ‘5.pl.tant’) and the Slavic collectives and distributives (PSl. *pętero ‘group of 5’, *pęterъ ‘5‐fold’). It is further hypothesized that (Post‐)PIE forms like *penkwero‐, *sweḱsero‐, *septm̥mero‐ need not rest upon false segmentation of a thematic derivative of ‘4’ (*kwetwer‐o‐), as is most commonly assumed; rather, they can be explained as simple thematic derivatives of an *‐er locative of the type *penkʷer ‘in/on/at 5’ = ‘in a group of 5’ (a close parallel of this semantic relationship is provided by Lith. arch. trisù ‘3.loc’ = ‘in a group of 3’, or even by French à trois). The posited type *penkʷer also yields a back‐formed substantive *penkʷōr ‘set of 5‐s’, a possible source of the Tocharian B distributive numerals in ‐ār (piśār ‘by 5‐s’ << *penkʷōr‐en, *penkʷōr‐i or similar), which – being athematic – cannot be explained via the standard theory starting from *kʷetwer‐o‐.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><doi>10.1111/1467-968X.12099</doi><tpages>24</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0885-5789</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adjectives Baltic languages French language Germanic languages Grammatical case Indo-European languages Segmentation Semantics Slavic languages Tocharian languages |
title | The ‘fiver’: Germanic ‘finger’, Balto‐Slavic de‐numeral adjectives in ‐ero‐ and their Indo‐European background |
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