Excessive Facebook use and physical and mental health risks in the occupied Palestinian territory: a cross-sectional study

Social media has become popular and changed social interaction between people. The Middle East is an important and expanding market, particularly the occupied Palestinian territory, where restrictions related to cultural and geopolitical realities create an environment of isolation for young adults. Dependence on social media is suggested to diminish motivation to participate in naturally occurring activities and life interests, leading to physical and mental health risks. The aim of this study was to assess the potential association between excessive Facebook use and physical health complaints, unhealthy habits, and emotional discomfort in university students. In this cross-sectional study, we recruited students at the An-Najah National University of Palestine. We used a pretested, self-administered questionnaire to collect demographic data and information about Facebook use, unhealthy habits related to Facebook use, and physical health complaints. The Facebook Intensity Scale (FIS) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS21) were used as study instruments. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of An-Najah National University. Participation was voluntary, and written consent was obtained from each participant. The sample included 1003 students of both sexes and from a range of study areas. 938 participants returned valid questionnaires. 922 (98%) students had Facebook accounts, with 240 (26%) students spending more than 3 h per day on Facebook, and 258 (28%) students reporting having more than 300 Facebook friends. A positive relationship was found between time spent on social network sites, number of Facebook friends, and Facebook Intensity Scales scores and an increase in unhealthy habits including skipping meals, delaying urination, and late night and interrupted sleep. Negative health consequences related to excessive use included eye strain, reduction in energy levels, reduction in frequency and duration of exercise, and back and wrist pain. Excessive Facebook use and having a high number of Facebook friends were associated with emotional discomfort (depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms). These findings present evidence that excessive social networking online is associated with unhealthy habits and negative health effects in Palestinian students. Excessive Facebook use might also lead to increased risk of mental health symptoms and interfere with actual developmental tasks. Public awareness and alternative opportunities f