Impacts of Mesoscale Eddies on the Vertical Nitrate Flux in the Gulf Stream Region

The Gulf Stream (GS) region has intense mesoscale variability that can affect the supply of nutrients to the euphotic zone (Zeu). In this study, a recently developed high‐resolution coupled physical‐biological model is used to conduct a 25‐year simulation in the Northwest Atlantic. The Reynolds decomposition method is applied to quantify the nitrate budget and shows that the mesoscale variability is important to the vertical nitrate supply over the GS region. The decomposition, however, cannot isolate eddy effects from those arising from other mesoscale phenomena. This limitation is addressed by analyzing a large sample of eddies detected and tracked from the 25‐year simulation. The eddy composite structures indicate that positive nitrate anomalies within Zeu exist in both cyclonic eddies (CEs) and anticyclonic eddies (ACEs) over the GS region, and are even more pronounced in the ACEs. Our analysis further indicates that positive nitrate anomalies mostly originate from enhanced vertical advective flux rather than vertical turbulent diffusion. The eddy‐wind interaction‐induced Ekman pumping is very likely the mechanism driving the enhanced vertical motions and vertical nitrate transport within ACEs. This study suggests that the ACEs in GS region may play an important role in modulating the oceanic biogeochemical properties by fueling local biomass production through the persistent supply of nitrate. Key Points A high‐resolution 25 year simulation in the Gulf Stream region is conducted using a coupled physical‐biological model Both types of eddies have net positive contributions to the nitrate supply into the euphotic zone The eddy‐wind interaction‐induced Ekman pumping is likely the dominant mechanism for the enhanced nitrate flux at Zeu in ACEs