Influence de la réflectivité de l'enveloppe sur la demande énergétique des bâtiments et sur le confort thermique

In the urban environment, the nature of the materials that cover urban surfaces (sidewalks, facades and roofs) greatly affects the energy consumption and the thermal environment outside and inside the building, depending on the climate. The fraction of the incident solar energy reflected by the exterior elements of a structure significantly affects the overall heat gain or loss of the structure. In the building that is considered the world's largest energy-consuming sector, a judicious choice of coatings covering its external surfaces, particularly from the point of view of solar reflectivity, may be an adequate solution for saving energy by ensuring Level of thermal comfort with reduced energy consumption. This article presents a study aimed at assessing the effect of reflective coatings on reducing the building's energy requirements and improving indoor thermal comfort. In the town of Skikda, located in northeastern Algeria, characterized by the Mediterranean climate, a parametric study was carried out on a reference building, varying the solar reflectivity of its walls and roof, as well as others Such as its orientation, the thermal mass and the insulation of its envelope. The results show that a high solar reflectivity combined with thermal insulation defines an acceptable level of comfort and reduces the energy loads and that these effects are more significant for the roof than for the walls.