Understory Tree Development with Repeated Stand Density Treatments in Coastal Douglas-Fir Forests of Oregon

We studied the potential for stand density management treatments to increase growth rates of advanced regeneration in the understory of 50- to 70-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests. Study sites in Oregon included a mesic coastal site, a moderate coast range site, and a drier coast range foothills site. Commercial thinning treatments in 1974-1984 led to the establishment of Douglas-fir and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) in the understory and, in 1997, parts of these same stands were thinned for a second time to release this advanced regeneration and promote two-story structure. Both species responded positively where overstory was reduced to 30-40 m2/ha, but western hemlock saplings grew 30-80% more rapidly than Douglas-fir. Average annual height growth of all western hemlock saplings that were more than 1.0 m tall in 1999 was 23-30 cm/year in twice-thinned stands but only 13 cm/year in denser, once-thinned stands. About one-half of all western hemlock saplings doubled or tripled their height in 4 years after a second overstory treatment; the largest 10% of these saplings grew 74-93 cm/year and now represents midstory structure. The response of Douglas-fir saplings to a partial overstory removal was limited. Repeated density management treatments in these Douglas-fir forests can accelerate growth of understory saplings, resulting in the development of two or more canopy layers over time; however, repeated and/or heavy thinning will be required for Douglas-fir sapling growth. Furthermore, because of western hemlock's potential for rapid height growth, some reduction of hemlock sapling density may be needed to maintain vigorous Douglas-fir.