Fabrication of Ce doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles based non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of norepinephrine, uric acid and tyrosine

Schematic representation for an enzyme-less voltammetric determination of norepinephrine, uric acid and tyrosine using Ce doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles modified GCE. [Display omitted] •A simultaneous sensor for NE, UA and Tyr was developed based on Ce doped HA NPs.•The sensor exhibits wide linear range, lowest detection limit and high stability.•The proposed sensor was successfully applied to the analysis of human serum and urine. A novel biosensor has been constructed based on cerium doped hydroxyapatite (Ce-HA/GCE) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and was employed for the simultaneous determination of norepinephrine (NE), uric acid (UA) and tyrosine (Tyr). The Ce-HA nanoparticles have been prepared by hydrothermal method and characterized structurally and morphologically by powder XRD, Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The Ce-HA modified GCE showed an excellent electrocatalytic activity for resolving the overlapping voltammetric responses of NE, UA and Tyr into three well-defined voltammetric peaks. The oxidation peak currents increased linearly with concentration over the range of 0.1–200µM, 0.5–200µM and 0.1–200µM with the detection limits of 0.058µM, 0.39µM and 0.072µM for NE, UA and Tyr, respectively. The sensor exhibited excellent stability, reproducibility and could detect the NE, UA and Tyr in human blood serum and urine samples with excellent recoveries.