Measuring the financial sustainability of vine landraces for better conservation programmes of Mediterranean agro-biodiversity

•Apulian vine landraces are important in economic, environmental and historical terms;.•Modern agriculture is seriously threatening the survival of the Apulian vine ecotypes;.•Institutions implemented regulations to avoid the extinction of the local vine varieties;.•Despite supports, non-autochthone varieties were more profitable than vine landraces;.•Ad hoc measures that encompass cultivation, winemaking and wine selling are desirable. The Apulia region, in southern Italy, has a long tradition of vine cultivation for winemaking. However, in the last decades, regional farmers substituted local landraces with more productive non-native varieties. Regional institutions introduced regulations aimed at preventing the extinction of the local and historic ecotypes in the form of financial subsidies to reduce planting and operating costs. In this paper, we compared the financial sustainability of a non-autochthone, a typical and a landrace variety for wine production, in intensive and semi-extensive cultivation systems, with and without financial supports. The analysis referred to northern Apulia, considering a 26-year economic duration of vineyards. The results showed that the non-autochthone variety was more profitable due to its higher yields, while investments regarding landrace-based plants were characterized by lower economic convenience, despite financial aid. These estimates shed light on the effectiveness and efficacy of the present regulations, as well as on the development of future strategies for a better restoration of vine landraces in Apulia. This new framework will help to increase farmers’ profits, improve environmental conditions for the community and ensure higher quality, security and safety for consumers.