Study of cardiovascular responses to sustained handgrip and change in posture in Type II diabetes mellitus patients

Uncontrolled Diabetes; Heart Rate Response to Standing; Blood Pressure Response to Standing; Blood Pressure Response to Sustained Handgrip INTRODUCTION The hallmark of diabetes mellitus is hyperglycemia due to defective insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both. Quantitative cardiovascular autonomic function tests which include estimating blood pressure (BP) response to sustained handgrip, heart rate response to supine to standing posture, and BP response to supine to standing posture are commonly used to detect, verify, and quantify the cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction. When difference was compared between patients with uncontrolled diabetes and healthy controls, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01) (Table 3). [...]difference in the means between patients with controlled diabetes and healthy controls was statistically insignificant (Table 4) BP response to standing (orthostatic test) Mean and SD of BP response to standing are given in Table 1 which are 12.10 ± 10.771, 10.33 ± 4.205, and 7.17 ± 3.239 in patients with uncontrolled diabetes, patients with controlled diabetes, and healthy controls, respectively. The test should be performed using a glucose load containing the equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in water.· OR In a patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis, a random plasma glucose>200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l) *In the absence of unambiguous hyperglycemia, result should be confirmed by repeat testing[3] How to cite this article: