Kocher-debre-semelaigne syndrome with pericardial effusion

We report a 10-year-old female child with hypothyroidism and limb muscle pseudohypertrophy (i.e., Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome) with pericardial effusion. The child presented with generalized swelling, breathlessness and difficulty in walking and in getting up from sitting position (of chronic duration). She had bradycardia, dull facies, marked hypertrophy of both calf muscles and nonpitting edema of legs. Pericardial effusion was detected clinically and confirmed on investigations. Muscle pseudohypertrophy was a striking feature, and hypothyroidism was confirmed on thyroid studies. The response to thyroxine replacement was excellent, with resolution of the pericardial effusion and clinical improvement. The unusual presence of pericardial effusion in Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome is discussed in the report.