The action of osmolytes on the destructive effect of ionizing radiation, hyperthermia, microwave radiation, and ultrasound

New data on the influence of osmolytes (NaCl, glycerol) on the destructive effect of ionizing radiation, hyperthermia, microwave radiation and ultrasound were obtained from experiments with bacterial cells. The pattern of manifestation of the osmolyte protective effect is presented. It was found that the protective effect of osmolytes from damaging factors (antagonistic interaction) can be detected only within a certain range of agent “doses.” Inside this range, there is an optimum providing the maximum protection. It was shown that, to provide the highest antagonistic effect with increased intensity of one of the agents, a corresponding change in the intensity of the other agent involved in the interaction is required. It is concluded that, in addition to DNA damage, membrane injury and osmotic homeostasis system may be considered as critical targets in cell destruction after the combined action of various environmental factors.