"Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's": Conscientious objection in the Russian Federation

A paper argues that both those in the Russian Federation who support a strong military and those who call for individual freedom of conscience have a vested interest in adopting an alternative service law as soon as possible. The basic philosophical arguments for and against conscientious objection are outlined and defined. Also outlined are Russia's history and current approach to alternative service. Recent efforts to pass an alternative service law in Russia are discussed, as well as the obstacles and opposition to the adoption of this type of law. It is concluded that Parliament's inaction poses a significant threat to Russia's democracy and national security.