Vapor Phase Fabrication of Nanoheterostructures Based on ZnO for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Nanoheterostructures based on metal oxide semiconductors have emerged as promising materials for the conversion of sunlight into chemical energy. In the present study, ZnO‐based nanocomposites have been developed by a hybrid vapor phase route, consisting in the chemical vapor deposition of ZnO systems on fluorine‐doped tin oxide substrates, followed by the functionalization with Fe2O3 or WO3via radio frequency‐sputtering. The target systems are subjected to thermal treatment in air both prior and after sputtering, and their properties, including structure, chemical composition, morphology, and optical absorption, are investigated by a variety of characterization methods. The obtained results evidence the formation of highly porous ZnO nanocrystal arrays, conformally covered by an ultrathin Fe2O3 or WO3 overlayer. Photocurrent density measurements for solar‐triggered water splitting reveal in both cases a performance improvement with respect to bare zinc oxide, that is mainly traced back to an enhanced separation of photogenerated charge carriers thanks to the intimate contact between the two oxides. This achievement can be regarded as a valuable result in view of future optimization of similar nanoheterostructured photoanodes. ZnO‐Fe2O3 and ZnO‐WO3 nanoheterostructures, consisting of Zn(II) oxide porous deposits conformally covered by iron or tungsten oxide overlayers, are developed by a hybrid synthetic strategy combining chemical vapor deposition and sputtering processes. The target systems are characterized in detail and investigated as anodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting, a critical research area promising the efficient conversion of solar energy into chemical fuels.