Nest-site selection by Interior Least Terns and Piping Plovers at managed, off-channel sites along the Central Platte River in Nebraska, USA

Given the high productivity of Interior Least Terns (Sternula antillarum athalassos) and Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) on constructed off-channel nesting sites along the central Platte River in Nebraska, USA, and the possibility of creating similar habitats at other locations in their breeding range, understanding how these species use off-channel nesting habitats is important. We used data collected along the central Platte River in Nebraska, USA, over a 15-year period (2001-2015), and a discrete-choice modeling framework to assess the effects of physical site attributes and inter- and intraspecific associations on off-channel nest-site selection by Interior Least Terns and Piping Plovers. We found that Piping Plovers avoided nesting near each other, whereas colonial Interior Least Terns selected nest sites near those of conspecifics. In addition, the relative probability of use for both species was maximized when distance to the nearest predator perch was ≥ 150 m and elevation above the waterline was ≥ 3 m . Probability of use for nesting by Interior Least Terns increased as distance to water increased, whereas the probability of use by Piping Plovers was maximized when distance to water was ~50 m. Our results suggest that important features of constructed, off-channel nesting sites for both species should include no potential predator perches within 150 m of nesting habitat and nesting areas at least 3 m above the waterline. Efficient site designs for Interior Least Terns would be circular, maximizing the area of nesting habitat away from the shoreline, whereas an effective site design for Piping Plovers would be more linear, maximizing the area of nesting habitat near the waterline. An efficient site design for both species would be lobate, incorporating centralized nesting habitat for Interior Least Terns and increased access to foraging areas for nesting and brood-rearing Piping Plovers. Dada la alta productividad de Sternula antillarum y Charadrius melodus en sitios de anidación construido fuera del canal a lo largo del tramo central del río Platte en Nebraska, USA y la posibilidad de crear hábitats similares en otras localidades en sus rangos de reproductión, es importante comprender como estas especies usan estos hábitats de anidación fuera del canal. Utilizamos información colectada a lo largo del tramo central del río Platte en Nebraska, USA, a lo largo de un periodo de 15 años (2001-2015) y un marco de modelamiento por selección discreta