Current Evidence of Contrast Medium-Induced Nephropathy (CIN) After Administration of Low-Osmolarity Iodine-Based Contrast Agents

Purpose of review Contrast medium-induced nephropathy (CIN) may occur after intravascular administration of low-osmolarity iodine-based contrast media. The goal of this review is to provide an updated overview of the current knowledge of CIN. Questions to be investigated are as follows: What are risk factors of CIN? How should the risk factors be assessed? Have any preventive measures proven effective? Recent findings The main risk factor of CIN is decreased renal function prior to contrast-enhanced imaging. A variety of other factors have been described, but these are not significant in controlled studies. Before contrast medium-enhanced imaging it is advisable to assess renal function with estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Preventive strategies must be used in patients with eGFR