Target-Site Resistance to Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl in Keng Stiffgrass (Sclerochloa kengiana) from China

Keng stiffgrass is a serious farmland grass weed distributed globally in winter wheat fields and rice–wheat double-cropping areas. The intensive use of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides has led to the evolution of resistance in a growing number of grass weeds. In this study, whole-plant pot bioassay experiments were conducted to establish that a Keng stiffgrass population from eastern China, JYJD-2, has evolved high-level resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and moderate resistance to quizalofop-P-ethyl and pinoxaden. Using the derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence method, a tryptophan-to-cysteine mutation at codon position 1999 (W1999C) was detected in the ACCase gene of the resistant population JYJD-2. Of the 100 JYJD-2 plants tested, we found 47 heterozygous resistant and 53 homozygous sensitive individuals. In vitro ACCase assays revealed that the IC50 value of the ACCase activity of the resistant population JYJD-2 was 6.48-fold higher than that of the susceptible population JYJD-1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of W1999C mutation in the ACCase gene of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl–resistant Keng stiffgrass. This study confirmed the resistance of Keng stiffgrass to the ACCase inhibitor fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, cross-resistance to other ACCase inhibitors, and the resistance being conferred by specific ACCase point mutations at amino acid position 1999.