Proposal of a Method for Deriving Average BER Equation under Rician Fading for QAM

With the diversification of mobile communication systems, we need to calculate the exact bit error rate (BER) under Rician fading for the multi-level modulation methods. The method for calculating the BER under Rician fading by approximating the probability density function (pdf) in the Rician distribution by the Nakagami-m distribution has the problem that their cumulative distribution functions (cdfs) do not match. In this paper, we propose a method for deriving the BER by polynomial expansion of the Rician distribution, then we show the effectiveness of the proposed equation from simulation results.