Pediatric Thyroid Cancer: Imaging and Therapy Update

Purpose of Review In 2015, the management of thyroid cancer in the pediatric population was overhauled with the publication of the inaugural American Thyroid Association guidelines for children with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. In this article, we review these guidelines along with recent relevant literature regarding pediatric thyroid cancer, focusing on salient issues relating to imaging and radionuclide therapy. Recent Findings The American College of Radiology recently published its inaugural recommendations for thyroid nodule imaging (TI-RADS). Regarding radionuclide therapy, recent literature has focused on ways to reduce long-term sequelae while providing optimal initial treatment. Summary While a more standardized approach is being taken towards initial imaging of thyroid nodules and cancer, the opposite approach to treatment and surveillance is developing, with a focus on personalization.