Mechanisms of electromechanical and electrochemical coupling in olfactory cilia of the frog (Rana temporaria)

The mechanisms of electromechanical and electrochemical coupling in olfactory cilia of the frog ( Rana temporaria ) have been investigated. High-resolution optical television microscopy of live tissue and pharmacological analysis have been used to reveal the regulation of the motility of olfactory cilia in the absence of odorants; the entry of Ca 2+ ions mediated by three types of ion channels (mechanosensitive, cyclic nucleotide gated, and voltage-gated) was shown to determine the motility of cilia. Stimulation of the olfactory adenylate cyclase by movements of the cilia in the absence of odors has been demonstrated and the regulation of cilia motility by membrane potential has been revealed. Membrane potential can affect olfactory acuity and the ability to perceive weak olfactory stimuli in the absence of adequate stimulation.