Antenna gain enhancement by using metamaterial radome at THz band with reconfigurable characteristics based on graphene load

The reconfigurable concept of a graphene loaded patch antenna with increasing gain is proposed in this paper. We have developed the patch antenna with inset feed for THz band application for which graphene load is used to obtain the reconfigurable characteristic. It has been shown that by increasing the graphene chemical potential, the antenna resonant frequency shifted and the gain increased drastically up to 4 dBi. Additionally, we have shown that antenna efficiency is improved up to 78% which shows more than 100% of enhancement in comparison to basic antenna by increasing the graphene chemical potential. Finally, considering the antenna gain improvement, we have implemented the metamaterial layer over the antenna. In this case, the gain is increased more than 5–6 dBi. In addition, when we put the metamaterial layer over the antenna, the graphene layer shows more linear characteristics. By using parametric studies, we have defined the best point for metamaterial layer around 0.58λ. The final antenna gain is more than 11 dBi, which is useful for THz communication and THz medical imaging systems.