Getting Undone Technology Done: Global Techno-assemblage and the Value Chain of Invention

The global techno-assemblage shapes the continued lagging of southern countries and firms behind those from the global north. The biotechnology industry is one form of this assemblage and operates according to inter-related logics (i.e., economic, hybrid and social) which are shaped by particular governmental policies and corporate decisions to minimise risk and philanthropic efforts. Within this form, a non-profit ophthalmic consumables manufacturing company, Aurolab, in southern India creates new innovations. According to the ‘technology follower’ conceptual framework by innovation studies and management scholars, biotechnology firms have two options to ‘move up’ the international value chain of invention: they must either ‘catch up’ at a very high rate, or ‘leap-frog’ up through research, design and development. Aurolab innovates to heal eye diseases. They focus on affordability issues through research and development as well as design and development. At Aurolab, they shift between these two strategies depending upon the drug or device they are working on. This article considers additional incentives to refocus firms on local needs-based technology according to a social logic. As Aurolab demonstrates, a new focus on technology to address structural inequality may be necessary to get ‘undone technology’ done.