Plants and microgravity: Patterns of microgravity effects at the cellular and molecular levels

The article discusses the effects of real and simulated microgravity on certain cell components and processes, using, among others, the recently received new data. A substantial importance is given to the effect of microgravity on the state of cytoplasmic membrane, transcriptome and proteome, cell wall, and Ca 2+ -signaling in plant cells that are not specialized for the perception of gravity. The authors underline the exceptional significance of data about the organ-specific reactions of transcriptome and proteome to spaceflight conditions, which suggest novel integrated approaches to the solution of basic and applied problems in plant space biology.