Redox status and sperm characteristics in 1,4-dinitrobenzene-induced reproductive toxicity in Wistar rats

1,4-Dinitrobenzene (1,4-DNB) is a synthetic compound used in explosives, dyes, organic chemicals and the plastic industry. Oral and dermal exposure is a likely route for industrial workers and people living near ammunition plants. This study investigated the effect of 1,4-DNB on testicular and spermatozoan antioxidant systems as well as sperm characteristics of Wistar rats. Oral exposure of male Wistar rats to 50 or 75 mg/kg, or dermal exposure to 1000 or 2000 mg/kg, of 1,4-DNB for 14 days increased spermic and testicular hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation levels accompanied by decreased activities of enzymic antioxidants. Exposure to 1,4-DNB also resulted in decrease in body weight gain, reduced testicular and epididymal weights, epididymal degeneration, decrease in sperm quantity and quality, and mild congestion of interstitial vessels and edema in the testes. These results reveal that individuals unduly exposed to 1,4-DNB risk induction of oxidative stress in the epididymis and testis, and associated reproductive deficits.