Efficient synthetic route for thio-triazole derivatives catalyzed by iron doped fluorapatite

Novel heterogeneous iron doped fluorapatite (Fe-FAp) catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation in the presence of amino acids, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, and histidine to establish their influence on catalytic activity of Fe-FAps. The four materials, named Fe-FAp/glutamic acid, Fe-FAp/aspartic acid, Fe-FAp/glycine, Fe-FAp/histidine, were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, microscopic (FE-SEM and HR-TEM) analysis, and N 2 sorption isotherms. Amino acids influenced the crystal growth and morphology of Fe-FAps differently and generated materials with diverse morphological features in size, pore properties and surface areas. The efficacy of different Fe-FAps as heterogeneous catalysts in the value added conversion of various aromatic aldehydes to thio-triazole derivatives with ethanol as solvent was investigated. For the title reaction, glutamic acid assisted Fe-FAp displayed superior activity with 96 % yield in a short-interval of times (10 min) at room temperature. Employing the optimized conditions, six different 1,2,4-triazolidine-3-thione derivatives were synthesized in excellent yields (91–96 %) at reaction temperature in