Spatial and temporal variation of nitrogen dioxide measurement in the Middle East within 2005–2014

The present study, aims to assess the spatial and temporal variation of NO 2 measurement over the Middle East region within 2005–2014. For this purpose, satellite-based data of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) were implemented to measure the NO 2 concentrations. The results reveal an average increase of NO 2 emission in the Middle East during recent decade. Therefore, the results suggest several hotspots consisted of Tehran–Karaj (Iran), Dubai–Ajman (UAE), Kuwait (Kuwait), Riyadh (KSA), Dammam (KSA), Istanbul–Izmit (Turkey), Doha–Rayyan (Qatar), Manama (Bahrain), Cairo (Egypt), Isfahan (Iran), Lahore (Pakistan), Tashkent (Uzbekistan), Baghdad (Iraq) and Beirut (Lebanon) urban regions, which are the main source of NO 2 emissions in decadal scale. This study shows that the remotely sensed data are able to measure and record the spatial and temporal variation of NO 2 concentrations as emission inventory documents in the Middle East.