Tailoring Active Far-Infrared Resonator with Graphene Metasurface and Its Complementary

Far-infrared part of electromagnetic spectrum and its technological details have been highly sought after due to its myriad applications including imaging, spectroscopy, industry control, and communication. However, lack of efficient components of electronic and photonic sources/detectors working in this particular spectrum has impeded its widespread application. One of the bottlenecks lies in the compact far-infrared polarization-sensitive resonator/modulator in compatible with pixel-detector for far-infrared spectroscopy. In this work, we demonstrate strong electric resonance response in perforated graphene sheet at this particular electromagnetic region. The results demonstrate inherently different natures for the strong electromagnetic response between graphene-based and metallic metamaterials. Unlike the metallic metamaterials relying on the geometrical inductance for magnetic response, the electric resonance caused by localized dipole/multipolar modes is found to be dominated in graphene and thus enabling sub-wavelength confinement of electromagnetic field. The Babinet’s principle is proposed to be applied for broadband far-infrared modulation and resonant filters design of graphene-based metamaterial. The active tunable electric resonance through electrostatic doping on the graphene-based patterns provides efficient route for compact biosensing, far-infrared imaging, and detection.