Boiling Heat Transfer of Alumina Nano-Fluids: Role of Nanoparticle Deposition on the Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficient

This paper focuses on the thermal performance of alumina nano-fluids during the quenching process of a surface at the boiling condition, which can be a good answer to the controversial results available in the nano-fluid related literature. For this purpose, an experimental study is conducted to investigate the potential application of alumina/water nano-fluid for cooling a stainless steel rod under the flow boiling heat transfer mechanism. Nano-fluids are prepared by dispersing the 5, 50 and 80nm alumina nanoparticles into the deionized water. The experimental facility provides conditions to quantify the heat transfer coefficient in forced convection and nucleate boiling heat transfer domains at different operating conditions. In terms of operating time, the experiments are divided into two domains namely short time study and extended time study. For the short time study (0-60 minutes of study with neglecting the role of time on the deposition of nanoparticles) enhancement of heat transfer coefficient is reported for all nano-fluids, however for nano-fluid with smaller nanoparticle size, higher thermal performance is registered. In extended time study (60-1000 minutes) heat transfer coefficient is found to be considerably deteriorated for all nano-fluids. This work demonstrates that the reason for deterioration of heat transfer coefficient is referred to the surface roughness, nanoparticle size, static contact angle and thermal fouling resistance parameters. These four parameters are simultaneously determinative factors, which strongly control the thermal behaviour of nano-fluids over the extended time and are the exact reasons for the controversies raised in the literature.