Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Bitter Gourd

Little information is available regarding genetic control and inheritance of economically important traits in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Previous genetic studies of this crop used a narrow range of germplasm and in different environmental conditions. Thirteen entries of bitter gourd were accessed concerning genetic diversity for morphophysiological traits. Wide genetic diversity occurred for all traits. Differences between genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation indicated the majority of variation in traits was due to genetics. Node position of the first male flower, fruit length, pH, °Brix, vitamin C content, and yield were additive based upon high broad sense heritability coupled with high genetic advance over percentage of mean. These traits could be improved through direct selection. Leaf area, fruit length, fruit diameter, and fruit weight were significantly and positively correlated with yield. Fruit weight had a positive direct effect on yield. Four principle components explained 77.1% of total variation based on 10 traits. The genotypes were grouped into four clusters based on genetic diversity. Genotypes of cluster 1 (high mean value for fruit quality parameters) and cluster 4 (high mean value for yield parameters with earliness) are likely best for use in breeding.