Intra-operative fluorescein angiography in the diagnosis and treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy complicated by hemophthalmos

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is one of the most common reasons of blindness among working age people. Among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is more than 40%, and at present there is a tendency to an increase of its incidence. The main methods of treatment of this disease are a pars plana vitrectomy and retinal laser photocoagulation (RLP). Medication used only in combination with surgery. One of the most common PDR complications is a vitreous hemorrhage. The use of modern methods of primary VE is accompanied by a low surgical risk and causes an improvement of visual and anatomical results. However, in the PDR complicated by vitreous hemorrhage, there can be possible difficulties of preoperative diagnosis. Prior to the removal of the vitreous body a visualization of retinal lesions is hampered as well as planning volume of the retinal endolaser coagulation (RELC). The main diagnostic procedures used in the PRD are direct ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography (FAG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). In the PDR their implementation is difficult because of a violation of the vitreous transparency. The intra-operative FAG can serve as a solution to the problem. This method is simple to perform. It allows to diagnose retinal vascular abnormalities directly during the surgical intervention, the study of which was impossible in the preoperative period.