Nivolumab plus interferon-[gamma] in the treatment of intractable mucormycosis

On day 22, gastrectomy and splenectomy were done; pathology showed invasive mucormycosis in the stomach and spleen with extension into peritoneal and vascular structures, but additional debridement was not feasible. Because of the poor prognosis and immunosuppression, as shown by a low absolute lymphocyte count, low monocyte HLA-DR expression, and increased expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) on T-cells (appendix), immunoadjuvant therapy with interferon-γ (Immukine, Boehringer, Brussels, Belgium; 100 μg three times weekly for five doses) was started on day 28, followed by a single 250 mg dose of nivolumab (Opdivo, BMS, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium) on day 30.