Using Self-Explanations in the Laboratory To Connect Theory and Practice: The Decision/Explanation/Observation/Inference Writing Method

While many faculty seek to use student-centered, inquiry-based approaches in teaching laboratories, transitioning from traditional to inquiry instruction can be logistically challenging. This paper outlines use of a laboratory notebook and report writing-to-learn method that emphasizes student self-explanations of procedures and outcomes, specifically the Decision/Explanation/Observation/Inference (DEOI) method. The DEOI method fosters a student-centered learning environment but can be used with traditional experiments. Implementation results in organic chemistry laboratories at a highly selective, private university and a comprehensive, public university indicate the method helps a diversity of students understand laboratory procedures and encourages engagement in the laboratory as the method focuses on student ideas. Details about introducing the writing method to students, use of the method in the laboratory, and grading are included.