VARIABLES PSICOLÓGICAS QUE IMPULSAN LA DIFUSIÓN DEL RUMOR/PSYCHOLOGICAL VARIABLES WHICH BOOST THE SPREADING OF THE RUMOR

Several main effects have been generated: from the disinformation to the "virus" spreading in the current society-. [...]in corporate environments -enterprises and institutions- the rumors are generated by conflict situations among the different work forces. [...]Conde proposes an interesting process of reduction and formalization of this "polyhedral" reality (Delgado, JM & Gutierrez, J., 1994, p 97-119), starting with the classification into levels suggested by Ortí -level of facts, level of discourse and level of motivational processes- it suggests clearing this phenomenon from the different disciplines of study. Another scholar, Robert Knapp, investigated more than a thousand rumors spread during World War II by the Massachusetts Committee on Public Safety(International Encyclopedia of Communications, (Knapp, R., 1989, p 489-490), and his main conclusions were based on identifying three categories according to the underlying psychological motivation: rumors that communicate desires, rumors that express fears and rumors of aggressive motivation. 4.1.1.-A message intended to "be believed" But the main contribution of Knapp is undoubtedly the identification of the rumor as a "declaration intended to be believed, which is linked to nowadays and is disseminated without official verification" (Rouquette, M. L., 1977, p 124). [...]Knapp added that the greatest need for information, interpersonal communication, the unification of the feelings of individuals of a particular group and boredom favor the proliferation of these messages. 4.1.2.- From the Clinics of rumors to the focus of credibility (O.W.I) With the aim of analyzing and "refining" this kind of messages, the Clinics of Rumors were created in the United States during World War II (G. W. Allport and Postman L., 1967, 47-62). Fundamentally acquired motivational dispositions: feeling-image-attitude-intention and habit. Since 1960, this author identified the 4th phase experienced by Psychology applied to the study of consumer behavior as the Sequential Model of Effects.