Características del paciente quemado usuario de opioide y factores que contribuyen a depresión respiratoria/Características do paciente queimado em uso de opióide e os fatores contribuintes para depressão respiratória/Characteristics of burned patient using opioid and contributory factors for respiratory depression

This study aims to describe the characteristics of burned patients using opioid and to identify the predisposing factors for respiratory depression. For this study, a retrospective cross-sectional method was used, analyzing 272 medical records of burned patients hospitalized from 2011 to 2013 in a Burn Treatment Center. Complete records of patients over 18 years old were selected with completed registration of discharge or death that had remained in the hospital for a minimum of 48 hours and were under use of opioids by different administration routes and monitored with pulse oximetry and without using ventilatory prosthesis. All episodes of respiratory depression were identified by at least two indicators from the administering Naloxone. Based on this study, 28.58% of burned patients treated in a burn care unit with respiratory depression were found. In the group with respiratory depression, young male patients were predominant with high mortality, and the most patients had 2nd and 3rd degree burns, confirming the most epidemiological studies concerning the characteristics of burned patients. The predominant factors for respiratory depression identified in the population of burned patients using opioids were acute renal failure, alcoholism, and cardiovascular diseases. Nurses should monitor all patients using opioids in relation to the ventilatory parameters and consciousness level to prevent and identify early excessive sedation and respiratory depression, particularly in patients with two or more predisposing factors for respiratory depression