Fabrication and electrochemical study of [Ru(NH3)6]3+/Nafion modified electrodes for the determination of trace amounts of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ via anodic stripping voltammetry

[Ru(NH /Nafion modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes were fabricated via the drop coating technique and were used for the simultaneous determination of lead (Pb ), cadmium (Cd ), and zinc (Zn ) in trace amounts using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). The amount of [Ru(NH in the coating solution was varied at 5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg. The fabricated electrodes were used to detect varying concentrations of Pb, Cd and Zn. ASV results showed that as the amount of [Ru(NH was increased, the reduction current of the heavy metals increased as well. The Pearson correlation values obtained for Pb and Cd were close to 1.0, indicating a strong positive linear relationship between the variables. The minimum heavy metal concentration that can be simultaneously detected by the fabricated electrodes is 0.5 ppm.