Contribution de l'analyse multivariée et des SIG pour la caractérisation hydrochimique de la nappe phréatique de la plaine de Sidi Bouzid (Tunisie centrale)/[ Contribution of the multivariate analysis and the GIS for Hydrochemical characterization of phreatic aquifer to the plain of Sidi Bouzid (Central Tunisia) ]

This study attempts to define the various geochemical processes responsible for the phreatic groundwater chemical evolution, using statistical methods and hydrochemical approaches. The phreatic aquifer in the plain of Sidi Bouzid is located in central Tunisia, the latter is characterized by an semi-arid to arid climate and irregular rainfall. A statistical analysis of the physico-chemical data has been performed by the principal component analysis, a total of three components has been extracted, as it represents 87.040% of the total variance of the all data. The projection of the variables on the factorial designs shows two groups of individuals: the first grouping is where the highest concentrations of total dissolved solids, potassium, chlorides and sodium were observed, the second grouping consists of individuals where the water is less mineralized located upstream of the basin. According to the results obtained 48.75% of the area of the plain is excellent, 26.71% is good, 13.60% is permissible and 10,94% unsuitable for irrigation.