Commentary: Probably no pain in the absence of “self”

The pain is, of course, a specific subjective, qualitative feeling but it would not be possible unless there was a body (organism) which was exposed and reacted to the noxious stimulus. [...]pain has a dual nature. [...]we could argue that the fetus is in pain because the pain can be detected through physiological changes in its body such as increase in heart rate, release of hormones and other substances, etc.