Toposi v kriticni analizi diskurza: raba in zloraba 1/Topoi in Critical Discourse Analysis: use and misuse

Topos (toposi (tudi topoi) v mnozini) je eden najsirse uporabljanih konceptov iz klasicne teorije argumentacije (njegov izvor sega vse do Aristotela in Cicerona). Svojega mesta ni nasel le v filozofiji, sociologiji, antropologiji in jezikoslovju, pac pa tudi v vsakodnevnem zivljenju in vsakodnevni konverzaciji. V tem clanku bom raziskal vlogo, ki jo igrajo toposi v kriticni analizi diskurza. Izhajajoc iz definicij Aristotela in Cicerona, ki jima bom ob bok postavil novi konceptualizaciji Perelmana in Toulmina, bom skusal pokazati, da se kriticna analiza diskurza (zlasti diskurzivno-zgodovinski pristop Ruth Wodak) zanasa vecinoma na poenostavljeno, nereflektirano rabo toposov, kot jo najdemo v vsakodnevni rabi, in tako zanemarja mnogo produktivnejse, teoreticne razdelave koncepta. / Topos (topoi in plural) is one of the most widely-used concepts from classical argumentation theory (dating back to Aristotle and Cicero). It found its way not only in philosophy, sociology, anthropology, and linguistics; it found its way in everyday life and everyday conversation as well. In this article, the role that topoi play in Critical Discourse Analysis will be examined. Starting with definitions from Aristotle and Cicero, and contrasting them with new conceptualisations by Perelman and Toulmin, an attempt will be made to show that Critical Discourse Analysis (especially Ruth Wodak's Discourse-Historical Approach) relies mostly on simplified, unreflected use of topoi as found in everyday use, thus neglecting much more productive, theoretical elaborations of the concept.