Interferon-[gamma] enhances both the anti-bacterial and the pro-inflammatory response of human mast cells to Staphylococcus aureus

Summary Human mast cells (huMCs) are involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses where they release mediators including amines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), eicosanoids and cytokines. We have reported that interferon-[gamma] (IFN-[gamma]) enhances Fc[gamma]R-dependent ROS production. The aim of this study was to extend these observations by investigating the effect of IFN-[gamma] on the biological responses of huMCs to Staphylococcus aureus. We found that exposure of huMCs to S. aureus generated intracellular and extracellular ROS, which were enhanced in the presence of IFN-[gamma]. IFN-[gamma] also promoted bacteria killing, [beta]-hexosaminidase release and eicosanoid production. Interferon-[gamma] similarly increased expression of mRNAs encoding CCL1 to CCL4, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumour necrosis factor-[alpha] and CXCL8 in S. aureus-stimulated huMCs. The ability of IFN-[gamma] to increase CXCL8 and GM-CSF protein levels was confirmed by ELISA. Fibronectin or a [beta]1 integrin blocking antibody completely abrogated IFN-[gamma]-dependent S. aureus binding and reduced S. aureus-dependent CXCL8 secretion. These data demonstrate that IFN-[gamma] primes huMCs for enhanced anti-bacterial and pro-inflammatory responses to S. aureus, partially mediated by [beta]1 integrin.