The Effects of Projected Films on Singers' Expressivity in Choral Performance

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of projected film visuals on singers' perception of self-expressivity and aural expressivity in choral performance. University choir singers (N = 116) performed 2 newly composed and contrasting choral études (Étude "Doh" and Étude "Noo") 3 times under the following conditions: (a) while viewing congruent film, (b) while viewing incongruent film, and (c) with no film projected. Participants reported their level of perceived self-expression after each performance, in addition to condition preference, perceived aural expression as heard through audio-recorded playback, and playback preference. Results indicated a differentiation in perceived self-expression between the 3 conditions for both études (p < .001). Participants reported a higher level of self-expression while performing simultaneously with the congruent condition compared to the other conditions. Expressivity ratings for audio-recorded performances indicated a main effect with significantly higher expressivity ratings for the performances influenced by the congruent condition of Étude "Doh" (p < .05), while no significant differences were found for Étude "Noo." Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to psychological responses to film music, filmmaking techniques, music education pedagogy, and composition/performance practice, with recommendations for future research.