Differential Memory Profile Between Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease

While in Dementia of Alzheimer's Type (DAT) the initial states are characterized by the deterioration of memory, in frontotemportal dementia (FTD) the early symptoms are basically changes in behavior. However, in daily clinical practice, the establishment of a differential diagnosis is very difficult to be found. The objective of the present work is to compare the memory efficiency of patients with DTA (n= 20) and FTD (n= 20) to a control group. The patients, matched for age and educational level, were evaluated with basis on a number of exhausting neuropsychology tests. In order to examine memory, we used the learning, free recall and recognition of a list of words (episodic memory), the analysis of the performance in the Boston Naming Test (semantic memory) and the subjects memory complaints (subjective memory). The scores obtained on the most part of the tests by the two groups (DAT and FTD) were significantly worse than those of the control group. DAT patients, on the other hand, showed an important memory deficit on free recall but less encoding capacities, despite the difficulties in acknowledging their disturbance. Memory profile of FTD patients was characterized by forgetfulness while DAT profile was an amnesic one.