2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACCF/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities

MD, FACC, FAHA, FHRS; N.A. Mark Estes III, MD, FACC, FAHA, FHRS; Roger A. Freedman, MD, FACC, FHRS; Leonard S. Gettes, MD, FACC, FAHA; A. Marc Gillinov, MD, FACC, FAHA; Gabriel Gregoratos, MD, FACC, FAHA; Stephen C. Hammill, MD, FACC, FHRS; David L. Hayes, MD, FACC, FAHA, FHRS; Mark A. Hlatky, MD, FACC, FAHA; L. Kristin Newby, MD, FACC, FAHA; Richard L. Page, MD, FACC, FAHA, FHRS; Mark H. Schoenfeld, MD, FACC, FAHA, FHRS; Michael J. Silka, MD, FACC; Lynne Warner Stevenson, MD, FACC#; Michael O. Sweeney, MD, FACC ACCF/AHA Task Force Members Jeffrey L. Anderson, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair; Alice K. Jacobs, MD, FACC, FAHA, Immediate Past Chair; Jonathan L. Halperin, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair-Elect; Nancy M. Albert, PhD, CCNS, CCRN; Mark A. Creager, MD, FACC, FAHA; David DeMets, PhD; Steven M. Ettinger, MD, FACC; Robert A. Guyton, MD, FACC; Judith S. Hochman, MD, FACC, FAHA; Frederick G. Kushner, MD, FACC, FAHA; E. Magnus Ohman, MD, FACC; William Stevenson, MD, FACC, FAHA; Clyde W. Yancy, MD, FACC, FAHA Table of Contents Preamble (UPDATED)...e8 Introduction (UPDATED)...e10 Organization of Committee...e10 Document Review and Approval...e11 Methodology and Evidence...e11 Indications for Pacing...e13 Pacing for Bradycardia Due to Sinus and Atrioventricular Node Dysfunction...e13 Sinus Node Dysfunction...e13 Acquired Atrioventricular Block in Adults...e14 Chronic Bifascicular Block...e16 Pacing for Atrioventricular Block Associated With Acute Myocardial Infarction...e17 Hypersensitive Carotid Sinus Syndrome and Neurocardiogenic Syncope...e18 Pacing for Specific Conditions...e19 Cardiac Transplantation...e19 Neuromuscular Diseases...e20 Sleep Apnea Syndrome...e20 Cardiac Sarcoidosis...e20 Prevention and Termination of Arrhythmias by Pacing...e20 Pacing to Prevent Atrial Arrhythmias...e21 Long-QT Syndrome...e21 Atrial Fibrillation (Dual-Site, Dual-Chamber, Alternative Pacing Sites)...e21 Pacing for Hemodynamic Indications...e22 Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (UPDATED)...e22 Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy...e25 Pacing in Children, Adolescents, and Patients With Congenital Heart Disease...e26 Selection of Pacemaker Device...e28 Major Trials Comparing Atrial or Dual-Chamber Pacing With Ventricular Pacing...e29 Quality of Life and Functional Status End Points...e30 Heart Failure End Points...e31 Atrial Fibrillation End Points...e31 Stroke or Thromboembolism End Points...e31 Mortality End Points...e31 Importance of Minimizing Unnecessary Ventricular Pacing...e31 Role