A 9-Valent HPV Vaccine against Infection and Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Women

The quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine is effective in preventing infection and disease related to HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18. This phase 3 trial involving 14,000 women reports the efficacy of a 9-valent vaccine that targets additional HPV types. The human papillomavirus (HPV) causes premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix, 1 , 2 vagina, 3 , 4 vulva, 4 , 5 anus, 4 , 6 penis, 7 and oropharynx, 8 as well as genital warts. 9 , 10 The recent development of prophylactic vaccines directed against the most relevant disease-causing HPV types has helped to prevent diseases related to HPV. 11 In clinical trials, the bivalent HPV viruslike particle vaccine against HPV types 16 and 18 was efficacious against related infection with these types and against cervical dysplasia, 12 and the quadrivalent HPV viruslike particle vaccine against types 6, 11, 16, and 18 was efficacious against related infection and against cervical, vaginal, . . .