Wnt/[beta]-Catenin Signaling Regulates Sequential Fate Decisions of Murine Cortical Precursor Cells

The fate of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) is determined by a complex interplay of intrinsic programs and extrinsic signals, very few of which are known. [beta]-Catenin transduces extracellular Wnt signals, but also maintains adherens junctions integrity. Here, we identify for the first time the contribution of [beta]-catenin transcriptional activity as opposed to its adhesion role in the development of the cerebral cortex by combining a novel [beta]-catenin mutant allele with conditional inactivation approaches. Wnt/[beta]-catenin signaling ablation leads to premature NPC differentiation, but, in addition, to a change in progenitor cell cycle kinetics and an increase in basally dividing progenitors. Interestingly, Wnt/[beta]-catenin signaling affects the sequential fate switch of progenitors, leading to a shortened neurogenic period with decreased number of both deep and upper-layer neurons and later, to precocious astrogenesis. Indeed, a genome-wide analysis highlighted the premature activation of a corticogenesis differentiation program in the Wnt/[beta]-catenin signaling-ablated cortex. Thus, [beta]-catenin signaling controls the expression of a set of genes that appear to act downstream of canonical Wnt signaling to regulate the stage-specific production of appropriate progenitor numbers, neuronal subpopulations, and astroglia in the forebrain. Stem Cells 2015;33:170-182