Aufnahme- und Erfassungstechniken Raumbezogener Daten zum Aufbau und zur Aktualisierung von Dreidimensionalen Gebäudeinformationssystemen

The construction and maintenance of buildings demand a greatnumber of technical and design information. As tools ofinformation acquirement maps, plans, metric photographs areavailable. Usually, the available data is treated independentlyand this can lead to mixing up the data and in consequence to notsatisfactory preparation of the decision making process. Thevolume of the available information related to the buildings andtheir environment is growing continuously, it cannot be processedwithout proper tools, thus the decision making is impossible inthe lack of those. The Building Information System (BIS)containing geometric, utility and graphical data aims at thesolution of these problems.The capture of utility and geometric data related to the buildingscan be performed directly (primary data capture) orindirectly (secondary data capture). In the first case thedata is captured directly from the building or its digitalimage. The direct acquisition of utility data frequently can belinked to the acquisition of the building`s geometry. By secondarydata capture, data are digitized from existing data sets (plans,other materials).In primary data capture one can apply the methods of surveying andphotogrammetry. In the first case it is advantageous to useequipment and methods providing electronic recording of digitaldata. In the second case both the traditional and digital methodsof photogrammetry are in use.The methods of secondary data capture are based on such archivematerials as maps, plans, metric images. In this case two ways areapplied for filling up the BIS: digitizing of existing maps,plans, photogrammetric images, and taking over of existing digitaldata sets.To the latter method we have to make the comment that the designrealized by some kind of up to date CAD software results in datawhich is suitable, if checked properly, for direct transfer to theBIS. In this case we need converter modules for transferring thedata without any loss.Theoretical studies in our days and also practical experience showthat the methods of data capture and data processing related togeometric and utility data for BIS should be developed withconsideration of local circumstances and possibilities. Ifseparately applied, the photogrammetric or surveying approach candeliver only a part of the required three-dimensional informationfor building description. Therefore in the practice severalmethods are combined for data capture, to ensure the economicalway of building up the geometric an