The Face of the Brand: How Art Directors Understand Visual Brand Identity

This study interviewed 15 art directors to explore their understanding of visual brand identity. Art directors define visual brand identity as the holistic look and feel of a brand, manifest as consistency among the brand, its strategy, and all its individual visual elements, ongoing over time. Art directors search for "ownable" visual elements within the competitive space and rely on examples of previous brand advertising to start ideation. We identified four possible routes that visual brand identity construction can take, corresponding to whether existing visual brand identity is strong or weak, and whether many or few client mandatories are imposed. The interviews also indicated that conflicts with clients may arise because elements that contribute to a brand's visual identity may be selected, in part, based on art directors' personal taste preferences and felt emotion. Implications for managing visual branding and for future research on brand identity are discussed.