The Quest for Clean Competition in Sports: Are We the Dopes?

[...]in the case of a drug test, if it is tremendously unlikely that the sub- ject is using the drug, a positive drug test result is most likely a false positive. Notably, Rodriguez had already admitted to years of steroid abuse in 2009, yet it took Major League Baseball 4 more years to suspend him, and then only for a year. [...]we must ask, in the battle against the shadowy cabal of drug manufacturers and analytical laboratories backed by the billions of dollars controlled by chemi- cally enhanced athletes and their sponsors, how could we expect that our underfunded antidoping efforts could ever succeed?